Tình hình nhiễm một số ngoại ký sinh trùng trên chó tại TP. Đà Nẵng: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang kết hợp thử nghiệm điều trị

Abstract

Ectoparasites are a common cause of pruritic skin disease in dogs and may represent a zoonotic or vector-borne risk; however, updated epidemiological data from central Vietnam remain limited. This cross-sectional study, integrated with a field treatment trial, evaluated prevalence, parasite composition, risk factors, and therapeutic efficacy of selected regimens in 83 dogs examined at veterinary clinics in Da Nang City, Vietnam between June 2024 and May 2025. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite infestation was 63.9%, with single-agent infestations predominating (55.4%). The most frequently detected parasite was the hard tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (27.7%), followed by fleas (19.3%; predominantly Ctenocephalides felis), the follicular mite Demodex canis (19.3%), the sarcoptic mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis (6.0%), the ear mite Otodectes cynotis (2.4%), and lice (2.4%). Multivariate logistic regression identified significant risk factors (p < 0.05), including age 1-5 years (OR = 4.57), large breed size, outdoor housing (OR = 4.17), and residence in rescue shelters (OR = 6.55). Infestation rates were significantly lower during winter and spring and showed no association with sex. Doramectin provided rapid clinical improvement against ticks and fleas, whereas fluralaner achieved markedly shorter parasite clearance times in cases of demodicosis. These findings underscore the need for year-round prevention strategies, routine microscopic diagnosis, and prioritized use of isoxazolines combined with environmental management to reduce disease burden and zoonotic or vector-borne transmission risk.