Thực trạng trầm cảm và một số yếu tố liên quan ở người dân đã từng mắc Covid-19 ở xã Sơn Tịnh

Abstract

Background: Depression is currently highly prevalent, and post-COVID-19 depression along with its associated factors has become a significant public health concern. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression among individuals with a history of COVID-19 in Son Tinh commune using the PHQ-9 scale and to identify factors associated with depression in the study population. Subjects and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 340 individuals who had contracted COVID-19 in Son Tinh commune, Quang Ngai province. The study utilized the PHQ-9 scale, and associated factors were tested using logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of depression was 34.1%. Within this group, the distribution by severity was: severe depression (PHQ-9 > 19) 0.9%; moderate depression (15 ≤ PHQ-9 ≤ 19) 2.6%; mild depression (10 ≤ PHQ-9 < 15) 8.5%; and minimal depression (PHQ-9 < 5) 22.1%. Six factors were identified as significantly associated with depression: duration of COVID-19 infection for more than 3 months (OR = 16.1; 95% CI: 2.7–99.2; p = 0.002); hospitalization during COVID-19 treatment (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 2.2–15.9; p < 0.001); high level of social support (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 2.3–8.9; p < 0.001); having one or fewer chronic diseases (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.037–8.381; p = 0.042); anxiety about separation from loved ones during isolation (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3–5.9; p = 0.008); and the age group of 15-59 (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.006-1.074; p = 0.019). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was 34.1%. Specifically, minimal depression accounted for 22.1%, mild depression 8.5%, moderate depression 2.6%, and severe depression 0.9%. Individuals who had COVID-19 for 3 months or longer had a 16.1 times higher risk of depression. Those hospitalized had a 5.9 times higher risk compared to those not hospitalized. High social support was associated with a 4.5 times higher risk. Having one or fewer chronic diseases increased the risk 2.9 times, and anxiety about separation from relatives during isolation increased the risk 2.8 times. Finally, the 15-59 age group showed a 1.04 times higher risk of depression.