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13/09/2025
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Trần Khánh Trang, T. K. T., Trương Hoàng Trường Sinh, T. H. T. S., Phan Thuỵ Luy Đa, P. T. L. Đa, & Trần Duy Vinh, T. D. V. (2025). THE STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER INTENTION TO USE AUTONOMOUS DELIVERY ROBOTS IN LAST-MILE DELIVERY IN DA NANG. Dong A University Journal of Science. https://js.donga.edu.vn/index.php/daujs/article/view/488
THE STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER INTENTION TO USE AUTONOMOUS DELIVERY ROBOTS IN LAST-MILE DELIVERY IN DA NANG
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid expansion of e-commerce has intensified the demand for efficient and sustainable delivery solutions, positioning autonomous delivery robots (ADR) as a promising innovation. Grounded in the adapted UTAUT2 model for last-mile delivery, this study examines the determinants of consumers' intention to adopt ADR in Da Nang. Analyzing survey data from 362 respondents using SPSS 27.0, the findings indicate that innovation exerts the strongest influence, followed by performance expectancy, price sensitivity, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, and perceived risk. Conversely, social influence, technological trust, and effort expectancy demonstrate no statistically significant impact. This study not only advances theoretical perspectives on technology adoption in the logistics sector but also offers practical implications for businesses and policymakers in fostering ADR implementation in Vietnam.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Keywords
Autonomous delivery robots (ADR), usage intention, last-mile delivery
References
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Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer self-efficacy: Development of a measure and initial test. MIS Quarterly, 19, 189–211. https://doi.org/10,2307/249688
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 18, 321–325. https://doi.org/10,1023/a:1011156710779
Edrisi, A., & Ganjipour, H. (2022). Factors affecting intention and attitude toward sidewalk autonomous delivery robots among online shoppers. Transportation Planning and Technology, 45(7), 1–22. https://doi.org/10,1080/03081060,2022.2134127
Erskine, M. A., Brooks, S., Greer, T. H., & Apigian, C. (2020). From driver assistance to fully-autonomous: examining consumer acceptance of autonomous vehicle technologies. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 37, 883–894. https://doi.org/10,1108/jcm-10-2019-3441
Ferdous, A., & Huda, Z. (2023). Social media, new cultures, and new threats: Impact on university students in bangladesh. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2023, 1–14. https://doi.org/10,1155/2023/2205861
Figliozzi, M. A. (2020). Carbon emissions reductions in last mile and grocery deliveries utilizing air and ground autonomous vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85, 102443. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trd.2020,102443
Gefen, D., Karahanna, E., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model. MIS Quarterly, 27, 51–90, https://doi.org/10,2307/30036519
Ghazizadeh, M., Lee, J. D., & Boyle, L. N. (2012). Extending the Technology Acceptance Model to assess automation. Cognition, Technology & Work, 14(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10,1007/s10111-011-0194-3
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Goldsmith, R. E., & Newell, S. J. (1997). Innovativeness and price sensitivity: managerial, theoretical and methodological issues. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 6, 163–174. https://doi.org/10,1108/10610429710175682
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Education.
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Kapser, S., & Abdelrahman, M. (2020). Acceptance of autonomous delivery vehicles for last-mile delivery in Germany – Extending UTAUT2 with risk perceptions. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 111, 210–225. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trc.2019.12.016
Kervick, A. A., Hogan, M. J., O’Hora, D., & Sarma, K. M. (2015). Testing a structural model of young driver willingness to uptake Smartphone Driver Support Systems. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 83, 171–181. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.aap.2015.07.023
König, M., & Neumayr, L. (2017). Users’ resistance towards radical innovations: The case of the self-driving car. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 44, 42–52. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trf.2016.10,013
LEE, J., & MORAY, N. (1992). Trust, control strategies and allocation of function in human-machine systems. Ergonomics, 35(10), 1243–1270, https://doi.org/10,1080/00140139208967392
Liu, P., Xu, Z., & Zhao, X. (2019). Road tests of self-driving vehicles: Affective and cognitive pathways in acceptance formation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 124, 354–369. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.tra.2019.04.004
Luhmann, N., Morgner, C., & King, M. (2018). Trust and power. Polity Press.
Madigan, R., Louw, T., Dziennus, M., Graindorge, T., Ortega, E., Graindorge, M., & Merat, N. (2016). Acceptance of automated road transport systems (ARTS): An adaptation of the UTAUT model. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 2217–2226. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trpro.2016.05.237
Madigan, R., Louw, T., Wilbrink, M., Schieben, A., & Merat, N. (2017). What influences the decision to use automated public transport? Using UTAUT to understand public acceptance of automated road transport systems. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 50, 55–64. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trf.2017.07.007
Marsden, N., Bernecker, T., Zöllner, R., Sußmann, N., & Kapser, S. (2018, June 1). BUGA:Log – A Real-World Laboratory Approach to Designing an Automated Transport System for Goods in Urban Areas. IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10,1109/ICE.2018.8436361
Midgley, D. F., & Dowling, G. R. (1978). Innovativeness: The concept and its measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 4, 229. https://doi.org/10,1086/208701
Ouail Oulmakki, Jérôme Verny, Milena Janjevic, & Marwa Khalfalli. (2023). Empirical study on consumer’s acceptance of delivery robots in France. International Journal of Logistics, 1–31. https://doi.org/10,1080/13675567.2023.2235290
Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion Of Innovations 3rd E Rev. New York : Free Press ; London : Collier Macmillan.
Saravanos, A., Verni, O., Moore, I. D., Aboubacar, S., Arriaza, J., Jivani, S., Bennett, A., Li, S., Zheng, D., & Zervoudakis, S. (2022). Investigating End-User Acceptance of Last-Mile Delivery by Autonomous Vehicles in the United States. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 519–532. https://doi.org/10,1007/978-3-031-18158-0_37
Schröder, J., Heid, B., Neuhaus, F., Kässer, M., Klink, C., & Tatomir, S. (2018). Fast Forwarding last-mile Delivery - Implications for the Ecosystem Travel, Transport, and Logistics and Advanced Industries Authors. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/travel%20logistics%20and%20infrastructure/our%20insights/technology%20delivered%20implications%20for%20cost%20customers%20and%20competition%20in%20the%20last%20mile%20ecosystem/fast-forwarding-last-mile-delivery-implications-for-the-ecosystem.pdf
Slade, E. L., Dwivedi, Y. K., Piercy, N. C., & Williams, M. D. (2015). Modeling Consumers’ Adoption Intentions of Remote Mobile Payments in the United Kingdom: Extending UTAUT with Innovativeness, Risk, and Trust. Psychology & Marketing, 32(8), 860–873. https://doi.org/10,1002/mar.20823
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Tạp chí kinh tế Việt Nam . (2024, January 10). Food delivery a complex, dynamic landscape. Nhịp Sống Kinh Tế Việt Nam & Thế Giới. https://vneconomy.vn/food-delivery-a-complex-dynamic-landscape.htm
Thảo, T. T., & Bình, Đ. T. T. (2021). Impacts of Last Mile Delivery on Environment in Urban Areas: Hanoi Case Study. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 203, 1653–1661. https://doi.org/10,1007/978-981-16-7160-9_167
Thusi, P., & Maduku, D. K. (2020). South African millennials’ acceptance and use of retail mobile banking apps: An integrated perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 111, 106405. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.chb.2020,106405
Vandecasteele, B., & Geuens, M. (2010). Motivated Consumer Innovativeness: Concept, measurement, and validation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 27(4), 308–318. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.ijresmar.2010,08.004
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46, 186–204.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27, 425–478. https://doi.org/10,2307/30036540
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10,2307/41410412
Vietnam Times. (2023, June 24). Alpha Asimov - Vietnam’s First Autonomous Delivery Robot. Vietnam Times. https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/alpha-asimov-vietnams-first-autonomous-delivery-robot-61453.html
Yu, C.-W., Chao, C.-M., Chang, C.-F., Chen, R.-J., Chen, P.-C., & Liu, Y.-X. (2021). Exploring Behavioral Intention to Use a Mobile Health Education Website: An Extension of the UTAUT 2 Model. SAGE Open, 11(4), 215824402110557. https://doi.org/10,1177/21582440211055721
Bagloee, S. A., Tavana, M., Asadi, M., & Oliver, T. (2020). Autonomous vehicles: challenges, opportunities, and future implications for transportation policies. Journal of Modern Transportation, 24(4), 284–303. https://doi.org/10,1007/s40534-016-0117-3
Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer Behavior as Risk-Taking. In Dynamic Marketing for a Changing World: Proceedings of the 43rd National Conference of the American Marketing Association (pp. 389–393).
Choi, J. K., & Ji, Y. G. (2015). Investigating the Importance of Trust on Adopting an Autonomous Vehicle. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(10), 692–702. https://doi.org/10,1080/10447318.2015.1070549
Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer self-efficacy: Development of a measure and initial test. MIS Quarterly, 19, 189–211. https://doi.org/10,2307/249688
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 18, 321–325. https://doi.org/10,1023/a:1011156710779
Edrisi, A., & Ganjipour, H. (2022). Factors affecting intention and attitude toward sidewalk autonomous delivery robots among online shoppers. Transportation Planning and Technology, 45(7), 1–22. https://doi.org/10,1080/03081060,2022.2134127
Erskine, M. A., Brooks, S., Greer, T. H., & Apigian, C. (2020). From driver assistance to fully-autonomous: examining consumer acceptance of autonomous vehicle technologies. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 37, 883–894. https://doi.org/10,1108/jcm-10-2019-3441
Ferdous, A., & Huda, Z. (2023). Social media, new cultures, and new threats: Impact on university students in bangladesh. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2023, 1–14. https://doi.org/10,1155/2023/2205861
Figliozzi, M. A. (2020). Carbon emissions reductions in last mile and grocery deliveries utilizing air and ground autonomous vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85, 102443. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trd.2020,102443
Gefen, D., Karahanna, E., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model. MIS Quarterly, 27, 51–90, https://doi.org/10,2307/30036519
Ghazizadeh, M., Lee, J. D., & Boyle, L. N. (2012). Extending the Technology Acceptance Model to assess automation. Cognition, Technology & Work, 14(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10,1007/s10111-011-0194-3
Gia, B. L., & Dang, T.-T. (2022). Demand Planning Framework in Vietnam FMCG Industry: A Study on the Marketing New 4C Concept. International Conference on Logistics and Industrial Engineering 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358210528_Demand_Planning_Framework_in_Vietnam_FMCG_Industry_A_Study_on_the_Marketing_New_4C_Concept
Goldsmith, R. E., Kim, D., Flynn, L. R., & Kim, W.-M. (2005). Price sensitivity and innovativeness for fashion among korean consumers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145, 501–508. https://doi.org/10,3200/socp.145.5.501-508
Goldsmith, R. E., & Newell, S. J. (1997). Innovativeness and price sensitivity: managerial, theoretical and methodological issues. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 6, 163–174. https://doi.org/10,1108/10610429710175682
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Education.
Hiệp hội Thương mại điện tử Việt Nam (VECOM). (2024). Báo Cáo Chỉ Số Thương Mại Điện Tử Việt Nam 2024 Hướng tới xuất khẩu trực tuyến. https://sct.dongnai.gov.vn/SiteAssets/Lists/TnTuc/NewForm/B%C3%A1o%20c%C3%A1o%20EBI%202024%20VN.pdf
Joerss, M., Schröder, J., Neuhaus, F., Klink, C., & Mann, F. (2016). Parcel delivery The future of last mile. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/travel%20logistics%20and%20infrastructure/our%20insights/how%20customer%20demands%20are%20reshaping%20last%20mile%20delivery/parcel_delivery_the_future_of_last_mile.pdf
Kapser, S., & Abdelrahman, M. (2020). Acceptance of autonomous delivery vehicles for last-mile delivery in Germany – Extending UTAUT2 with risk perceptions. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 111, 210–225. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trc.2019.12.016
Kervick, A. A., Hogan, M. J., O’Hora, D., & Sarma, K. M. (2015). Testing a structural model of young driver willingness to uptake Smartphone Driver Support Systems. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 83, 171–181. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.aap.2015.07.023
König, M., & Neumayr, L. (2017). Users’ resistance towards radical innovations: The case of the self-driving car. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 44, 42–52. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trf.2016.10,013
LEE, J., & MORAY, N. (1992). Trust, control strategies and allocation of function in human-machine systems. Ergonomics, 35(10), 1243–1270, https://doi.org/10,1080/00140139208967392
Liu, P., Xu, Z., & Zhao, X. (2019). Road tests of self-driving vehicles: Affective and cognitive pathways in acceptance formation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 124, 354–369. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.tra.2019.04.004
Luhmann, N., Morgner, C., & King, M. (2018). Trust and power. Polity Press.
Madigan, R., Louw, T., Dziennus, M., Graindorge, T., Ortega, E., Graindorge, M., & Merat, N. (2016). Acceptance of automated road transport systems (ARTS): An adaptation of the UTAUT model. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 2217–2226. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trpro.2016.05.237
Madigan, R., Louw, T., Wilbrink, M., Schieben, A., & Merat, N. (2017). What influences the decision to use automated public transport? Using UTAUT to understand public acceptance of automated road transport systems. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 50, 55–64. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.trf.2017.07.007
Marsden, N., Bernecker, T., Zöllner, R., Sußmann, N., & Kapser, S. (2018, June 1). BUGA:Log – A Real-World Laboratory Approach to Designing an Automated Transport System for Goods in Urban Areas. IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10,1109/ICE.2018.8436361
Midgley, D. F., & Dowling, G. R. (1978). Innovativeness: The concept and its measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 4, 229. https://doi.org/10,1086/208701
Ouail Oulmakki, Jérôme Verny, Milena Janjevic, & Marwa Khalfalli. (2023). Empirical study on consumer’s acceptance of delivery robots in France. International Journal of Logistics, 1–31. https://doi.org/10,1080/13675567.2023.2235290
Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion Of Innovations 3rd E Rev. New York : Free Press ; London : Collier Macmillan.
Saravanos, A., Verni, O., Moore, I. D., Aboubacar, S., Arriaza, J., Jivani, S., Bennett, A., Li, S., Zheng, D., & Zervoudakis, S. (2022). Investigating End-User Acceptance of Last-Mile Delivery by Autonomous Vehicles in the United States. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 519–532. https://doi.org/10,1007/978-3-031-18158-0_37
Schröder, J., Heid, B., Neuhaus, F., Kässer, M., Klink, C., & Tatomir, S. (2018). Fast Forwarding last-mile Delivery - Implications for the Ecosystem Travel, Transport, and Logistics and Advanced Industries Authors. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/travel%20logistics%20and%20infrastructure/our%20insights/technology%20delivered%20implications%20for%20cost%20customers%20and%20competition%20in%20the%20last%20mile%20ecosystem/fast-forwarding-last-mile-delivery-implications-for-the-ecosystem.pdf
Slade, E. L., Dwivedi, Y. K., Piercy, N. C., & Williams, M. D. (2015). Modeling Consumers’ Adoption Intentions of Remote Mobile Payments in the United Kingdom: Extending UTAUT with Innovativeness, Risk, and Trust. Psychology & Marketing, 32(8), 860–873. https://doi.org/10,1002/mar.20823
Statista. (2024, August 15). Vietnam: average income per capita in Da Nang 2021. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1211864/vietnam-monthly-average-income-per-capita-in-da-nang/
Tạp chí kinh tế Việt Nam . (2024, January 10). Food delivery a complex, dynamic landscape. Nhịp Sống Kinh Tế Việt Nam & Thế Giới. https://vneconomy.vn/food-delivery-a-complex-dynamic-landscape.htm
Thảo, T. T., & Bình, Đ. T. T. (2021). Impacts of Last Mile Delivery on Environment in Urban Areas: Hanoi Case Study. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 203, 1653–1661. https://doi.org/10,1007/978-981-16-7160-9_167
Thusi, P., & Maduku, D. K. (2020). South African millennials’ acceptance and use of retail mobile banking apps: An integrated perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 111, 106405. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.chb.2020,106405
Vandecasteele, B., & Geuens, M. (2010). Motivated Consumer Innovativeness: Concept, measurement, and validation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 27(4), 308–318. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.ijresmar.2010,08.004
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46, 186–204.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27, 425–478. https://doi.org/10,2307/30036540
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10,2307/41410412
Vietnam Times. (2023, June 24). Alpha Asimov - Vietnam’s First Autonomous Delivery Robot. Vietnam Times. https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/alpha-asimov-vietnams-first-autonomous-delivery-robot-61453.html
Yu, C.-W., Chao, C.-M., Chang, C.-F., Chen, R.-J., Chen, P.-C., & Liu, Y.-X. (2021). Exploring Behavioral Intention to Use a Mobile Health Education Website: An Extension of the UTAUT 2 Model. SAGE Open, 11(4), 215824402110557. https://doi.org/10,1177/21582440211055721