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Ngày xuất bản:
30/06/2025
Số lượt xem tóm tắt: 12
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Số lượt xem PDF: 7
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KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI
Trích dẫn bài báo
Nguyễn, K. (2025). U.S. Foreign Aid to Vietnam: A Fifty-Year Historical Analysis (1975 - 2025). Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Đông Á, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.59907/daujs.4.2.2025.449
U.S. Foreign Aid to Vietnam: A Fifty-Year Historical Analysis (1975 - 2025).
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
This paper explores the 50-year evolution of U.S. foreign aid to Vietnam following the Vietnam War, from initial humanitarian relief to economic and technical assistance. It examines the impact of diplomatic normalization in 1995 and the 2025 cessation of USAID activities. Through analysis of primary documents, scholarly literature, and media reports, the paper critically assesses the influence of U.S. aid on Vietnam's reconstruction, economic modernization, and governance reforms, while considering the strategic and diplomatic underpinnings of the bilateral relationship. The research illuminates how aid modalities adapt to changing political climates and developmental needs, and highlights the role of soft power in major power competition.
Chi tiết bài viết
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Từ khóa
Geometric, Characterization, Extremal Sets, Hemi-Sphere, S∞
Tài liệu tham khảo
The House of Representatives (1998). U.S.-Vietnam Trade Relations: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Trade of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session, June 18, 1998. Washington, D.C.: The U.S. Government Printing Office. 2000. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-16-060406-5. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-105hhrg58852/html/CHRG-105hhrg58852.htm
Le, T. et al. (2004), “Mobilising Investment for Development: Role of ODA the 1993-2003 Experience in Vietnam”, OECD Working Papers on International Investment, No. 2004/06, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/310312530030.
The US Congressional Research Service (2005). U.S. Assistance to Vietnam, updated on June 17, 2005. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL32636/4
Mark E. Manyin (2005). The Vietnam-U.S. Normalization Process. CRS Issue Brief for Congress. Updated June 17, 2005. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IB98033.pdf
Kaplan, R. D. (2012). The Vietnam Solution. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/06/the-vietnam-solution/308969/
International Rescue Committee (2016). The largest refugee resettlement effort in American history. (2016, July 28). The IRC. https://www.rescue.org/article/largest-refugee-resettlement-effort-american-history
Michael Pillsbury (2016). The Hundred-Year Marathon: China's Secret Strategy to Replace America as the Global Superpower. St. Martin's Griffin. Reprint edition (March 15, 2016).
The Beginning of the Story (2016). PeaceCorps. https://www.peacecorps.gov/viet-nam/stories/beginning-story/
The Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada (2018, October 15). Vietnam After the War. Asia Pacific Curriculum. The Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. https://asiapacificcurriculum.ca/learning-module/vietnam-after-war
Eleanor Albert (2019). The Evolution of U.S.–Vietnam Ties. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/evolution-us-vietnam-ties
American Experience (2019). Non-Governmental Organizations in Vietnam. PBS Broadcasting. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/daughter-non-governmental-organizations-vietnam/
U.S. Mission Vietnam (2021). Fact Sheets: MILITARY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO VIETNAM. U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. https://vn.usembassy.gov/fact-sheets-military-medical-assistance-to-vietnam/
Thuy Nguyen (2022). Exploiting Ideology and Making Higher Education Serve Vietnam’s Authoritarian Regime. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 1 December 2022; 55 (4): 83–104. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/cpcs.2022.1819231
Vu, Tuong and Nguyen, Thuy. (2022). "Chapter 1 “Doi Moi” but Not “Doi Mau”: Vietnam’s Red Crony Capitalism in Historical Perspective". The Dragon’s Underbelly: Dynamics and Dilemmas in Vietnam’s Economy and Politics, edited by Nhu Truong and Vu Tuong, Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2022, pp. 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789815011401-003
Sun, M., Tran, D., Bach, A., Ngo, U., Tran, T., Do, T., & Meyer, O. L. (2022). Impact of War and Resettlement on Vietnamese Families Facing Dementia: A Qualitative Study. Clinical Gerontologist, 45(4), 798–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2022.2071661
Perrin Atreides (2023). From Bitter Enemies to Strategic Partners: The Remarkable Transformation of US–Vietnam Rel. (2023, March 29). Air University (AU). https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/3344154/from-bitter-enemies-to-strategic-partners-the-remarkable-transformation-of-usvi/
Vu, Tuong, Thuy Nguyen, and Lien-Hang T. Nguyen. (2024). “Vietnam in the Reform Era.” In The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War, The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War, ed. Pierre Asselin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. chapter, 353–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316225288.020
The US Census Bureau (2024). Trade in Goods with Vietnam. International Trade. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5520.html#1992
U.S. Mission Vietnam (2024, October 17). Vietnam Welcomes The Largest Group of Peace Corps Volunteers In Program History. U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. https://vn.usembassy.gov/vietnam-welcomes-the-largest-group-of-peace-corps-volunteers-in-program-history/
U.S. Mission Vietnam (2024). U.S. Peace Corps Swears in 20 New Volunteers to Support Vietnam’s English Language Ambitions, Deepen People to People Ties. U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. https://vn.usembassy.gov/u-s-peace-corps-swears-in-20-new-volunteers-to-support-vietnams-english-language-ambitions-deepen-people-to-people-ties/
Nguyen, T. (2025) Rising Media Enclave Extremism: The Case of the Epoch Times and Ethnic Mobilization on the Far-Right. Howard Journal of Communications, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2025.2455590
The Vietnam Center and Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive (2025). Vietnamese Americans Subject Guide. (2025). Texas Tech University. https://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/resources/vietnamese-american.php
Projects in Viet Nam (2025). PeaceCorps. https://www.peacecorps.gov/viet-nam/projects/
D-AL, J. J. (2025). S.1484 - 94th Congress (1975-1976): An original bill to authorize the President to use the Armed Forces of the United States to protect citizens of the United States and their dependents and certain other persons being withdrawn from South Vietnam. The US Congress. https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/senate-bill/1484
Le, T. et al. (2004), “Mobilising Investment for Development: Role of ODA the 1993-2003 Experience in Vietnam”, OECD Working Papers on International Investment, No. 2004/06, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/310312530030.
The US Congressional Research Service (2005). U.S. Assistance to Vietnam, updated on June 17, 2005. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL32636/4
Mark E. Manyin (2005). The Vietnam-U.S. Normalization Process. CRS Issue Brief for Congress. Updated June 17, 2005. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IB98033.pdf
Kaplan, R. D. (2012). The Vietnam Solution. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/06/the-vietnam-solution/308969/
International Rescue Committee (2016). The largest refugee resettlement effort in American history. (2016, July 28). The IRC. https://www.rescue.org/article/largest-refugee-resettlement-effort-american-history
Michael Pillsbury (2016). The Hundred-Year Marathon: China's Secret Strategy to Replace America as the Global Superpower. St. Martin's Griffin. Reprint edition (March 15, 2016).
The Beginning of the Story (2016). PeaceCorps. https://www.peacecorps.gov/viet-nam/stories/beginning-story/
The Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada (2018, October 15). Vietnam After the War. Asia Pacific Curriculum. The Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. https://asiapacificcurriculum.ca/learning-module/vietnam-after-war
Eleanor Albert (2019). The Evolution of U.S.–Vietnam Ties. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/evolution-us-vietnam-ties
American Experience (2019). Non-Governmental Organizations in Vietnam. PBS Broadcasting. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/daughter-non-governmental-organizations-vietnam/
U.S. Mission Vietnam (2021). Fact Sheets: MILITARY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO VIETNAM. U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. https://vn.usembassy.gov/fact-sheets-military-medical-assistance-to-vietnam/
Thuy Nguyen (2022). Exploiting Ideology and Making Higher Education Serve Vietnam’s Authoritarian Regime. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 1 December 2022; 55 (4): 83–104. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/cpcs.2022.1819231
Vu, Tuong and Nguyen, Thuy. (2022). "Chapter 1 “Doi Moi” but Not “Doi Mau”: Vietnam’s Red Crony Capitalism in Historical Perspective". The Dragon’s Underbelly: Dynamics and Dilemmas in Vietnam’s Economy and Politics, edited by Nhu Truong and Vu Tuong, Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2022, pp. 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789815011401-003
Sun, M., Tran, D., Bach, A., Ngo, U., Tran, T., Do, T., & Meyer, O. L. (2022). Impact of War and Resettlement on Vietnamese Families Facing Dementia: A Qualitative Study. Clinical Gerontologist, 45(4), 798–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2022.2071661
Perrin Atreides (2023). From Bitter Enemies to Strategic Partners: The Remarkable Transformation of US–Vietnam Rel. (2023, March 29). Air University (AU). https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/3344154/from-bitter-enemies-to-strategic-partners-the-remarkable-transformation-of-usvi/
Vu, Tuong, Thuy Nguyen, and Lien-Hang T. Nguyen. (2024). “Vietnam in the Reform Era.” In The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War, The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War, ed. Pierre Asselin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. chapter, 353–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316225288.020
The US Census Bureau (2024). Trade in Goods with Vietnam. International Trade. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5520.html#1992
U.S. Mission Vietnam (2024, October 17). Vietnam Welcomes The Largest Group of Peace Corps Volunteers In Program History. U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. https://vn.usembassy.gov/vietnam-welcomes-the-largest-group-of-peace-corps-volunteers-in-program-history/
U.S. Mission Vietnam (2024). U.S. Peace Corps Swears in 20 New Volunteers to Support Vietnam’s English Language Ambitions, Deepen People to People Ties. U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. https://vn.usembassy.gov/u-s-peace-corps-swears-in-20-new-volunteers-to-support-vietnams-english-language-ambitions-deepen-people-to-people-ties/
Nguyen, T. (2025) Rising Media Enclave Extremism: The Case of the Epoch Times and Ethnic Mobilization on the Far-Right. Howard Journal of Communications, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2025.2455590
The Vietnam Center and Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive (2025). Vietnamese Americans Subject Guide. (2025). Texas Tech University. https://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/resources/vietnamese-american.php
Projects in Viet Nam (2025). PeaceCorps. https://www.peacecorps.gov/viet-nam/projects/
D-AL, J. J. (2025). S.1484 - 94th Congress (1975-1976): An original bill to authorize the President to use the Armed Forces of the United States to protect citizens of the United States and their dependents and certain other persons being withdrawn from South Vietnam. The US Congress. https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/senate-bill/1484